Endoscopic/ Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery is a cutting-edge surgical technique used to address various spinal conditions with minimal disruption to surrounding tissues. It involves using specialized instruments and a tiny camera (endoscope) inserted through small incisions in the skin to access the spine, allowing surgeons to perform precise procedures with less damage to muscles and tissues compared to traditional open surgery.

PELD stands for Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy. It is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat herniated discs in the lumbar spine. During PELD, a small incision is made in the back, and a specialized endoscope is inserted to visualize and remove the herniated portion of the disc that is pressing on the nerves.

Kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty are minimally invasive surgical procedures used to treat vertebral compression fractures, which occur when the vertebrae in the spine collapse or fracture due to osteoporosis, trauma, or other underlying conditions. During kyphoplasty, a balloon-like device is inserted into the fractured vertebra and inflated to create a cavity, which is then filled with bone cement to stabilize the fracture and restore vertebral height. In vertebroplasty, bone cement is injected directly into the fractured vertebra without the use of a balloon.