An infusion of antibodies used to treat autoimmune nerve conditions such as Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Overview of the Condition

What is Gullian-Barre syndrome?

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare condition in which the body's immune system attacks the nerves. It can cause weakness, tingling, numbness and, in severe cases, paralysis. Symptoms usually begin in the hands and feet and can spread quickly. Most people need hospital treatment.

GBS often develops after an infection such as a cold, stomach infection. Although there is no cure, treatment can help reduce symptoms and support recovery. Most people recover well, though some may continue to experience weakness, numbness or tiredness.

Why is it important?

Guillain–Barré syndrome is important because symptoms can worsen quickly and may affect breathing, movement and other vital body functions. Early diagnosis and hospital treatment can help reduce complications and support recovery.

Who is commonly affected?

GBS can affect anyone, but it often develops after:

• A chest or stomach infection
• Influenza (flu)
• Viral infections such as Epstein–Barr virus or hepatitis
• Certain bacterial infections, especially from undercooked poultry
• Surgery or physical trauma
• Rarely, after vaccination

Symptoms

• Tingling or pins-and-needles sensation in the hands and feet
• Weakness starting in the legs and spreading upwards
• Difficulty walking, climbing stairs or maintaining balance
• Problems with speaking, chewing or swallowing
• Double vision or difficulty moving the eyes
• Severe nerve pain or cramps
• Bladder or bowel problems
• Changes in heart rate or blood pressure
• Difficulty breathing

Treatment Options

• Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis): A treatment that removes harmful antibodies from the blood to help reduce nerve damage
• Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG): Healthy antibodies are given through a vein to help block the harmful immune response causing nerve damage

Procedure Overview and Preparation

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a treatment in which healthy antibodies from donors are given through a vein to help support the immune system. It is used in people with weakened immunity to help reduce infections and lessen the severity of illness.

Procedure Overview

Step-by-step

• Healthy antibodies are collected from donated blood
• The antibodies are prepared as IVIG treatment
• IVIG is given through a vein as an infusion
• The donated antibodies help support and strengthen the immune system to fight infections

Time required

• Several hours

Risks, Benefits and Hospital Stay

Risks and Complications

• Most people tolerate IVIG well
• Mild side effects may include headache, fever, nausea, chest or back pain, and muscle aches
• Rare complications include allergic reactions, blood pressure changes, breathing difficulties, meningitis and reduced kidney function

Benefits and Expected Outcomes

• Safe and effective treatment for immunodeficiencies
• Can be used alongside other treatments or medicines
• Helps strengthen the immune system
• Reduces the risk and severity of infections

Duration of Hospital Stay

• 1 day

When to Contact a Doctor

Myths & Facts

Frequently Asked Questions